川研教育——英语（二）学习小技巧十五翻译小技巧（一）前置法当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简朴，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简朴句。Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Furthermore 此外，而且 Modify 修饰，修改，更改，革新peculiar：奇特的，特有的subject 科目，工具，内容，主题subject to 使遭受，使…蒙受… fancies喜好, 迷恋, 想象力Finding a job subjected me to great pressure.参考译文：而且，人类另有能力改变自己的生存情况/他们的生存情况，/人类另有改变自己生存情况的能力。从而使所有其它形态的生命听从人类自己奇特的想法和想像。（二）单独成句当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为庞大，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话，会显得定语太过于臃肿和庞大，而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚，明显白白。

所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来, 放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。Tylordefined culture as that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits后置定语acquired by man as a member of society."Tylor人名，根据音译“泰勒”。defined culture as 将文化界说为whole 一个复合体that complex（庞大的，合成的，综合的 whole整体的morals 道德 acquire：取得，获得acquire经由自己的努力获得，习得The skill of speaking a foreign language takes time to acquire. 讲一种外国语的能力需要花很长时间才气获得。

require “要求” All plants require water. 所有植物都需要水分。inquire“观察，询问，探询The doctor inquired what had occurred. 医生问发生了什么事。参考译文：泰勒把文化界说为“一个复合体”，它包罗人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、执法、民俗以及其它能力和习惯。

The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.assume v.假定，设想，负担，接纳（assumption）sumptuous adj.奢侈的, 华美的consume vt.消耗, 消费, 消灭, 大吃大喝, 吸引vi.消灭, 扑灭consumer n.消费者resume n.摘要, 概略, <美> 履历vt.再继续, 重新开始, 重新占用, 再用, 恢复reassume v.再假定 presume vt.假定, 假设, 认为 presumption n.假定参考译文：希腊人认为语言结构与思维历程有着某种关系，这种看法在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。（三）融正当把主句和定语从句融合成一个简朴句，定语从句译成谓语。这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be”句型中。There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。

There are many people who are interested in the new invention.许多人对这项发现感兴趣。And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.结构：定语从句² who largely live off the tourists² who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.Live off:靠…过日子，依赖…的生活 =depend on参考译文：而且那里的小镇住民主要依靠游客为生，而那些游客不是来看戏，而是来看Ann Hathaway小屋、莎士比亚的降生地以及其他的景点。（四）状译法1．时间状语A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.当司机在开车时，不许和人说话，也不能走神2.原因状语He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史女士太太讲话，因为她现在异常无理，令人厌烦。

3.条件状语Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地需要事情，不管什么事情，只要它能够维持一家人的生计就行。4．目的状语He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.为了证明他的看法，他正在收集确凿资料。Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.结构：定语从句：whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.参考译文：科学家需要对动物权利提倡者做出有力的反映，因为这些人的论点令民众感应疑惑，因此也威胁到了医疗知识和医疗保健的进步。

（因果关系）小节：定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，当一个限定性谁人定语从句结构和意义都将为简练是，我们把它翻译成“…的”放在先行词的前面，当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义都较为繁琐时，或者这个定语从句是非限定性定语从句的时候，我们通常要单独成句，这时大多时候需要重复先行词。有时，定语从句与主句之间有着特点的逻辑关系，好比转折，好比因果好比递进，我们翻译的时候也要注意把这种逻辑关系翻译出来。

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